gender.careinternationalwikis.org

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In this space we can share and find a variety of documents concerning gender-based violence, including programming documents, research, tools, and other resources. If you have an idea for additional information you'd like to see on this page, or if you have any other questions or comments about the wiki, write to Abbey McDaniel at [[caleb.tyndall@care.org|abbey.mcdaniel@care.org]].

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==== The GBV Working Group ====

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/the_gbv_working_group|Link ]]to GBV working group

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==== Sexual Exploitation and Abuse ====

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/sexual_abuse_and_exploitation|Link]] to materials on Preventions of Sexual Harassment, Exploitation and Abuse and Child Protection

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==== CARE GBV Strategy ====

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/care_gbv_strategy|Link]] to documents describing CARE's strategy and theory of change for GBV

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===== GBV Programming Docs =====

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==== CARE Country Office docs on programming ====

//Learn about what your fellow COs are doing! In this space, we can share programming approaches, research, case studies, or other documents to help us learn from one another and stay connected.//

**Learning briefs on CARE's work in Asia-Pacific** (June, 2019), [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/ap_prevention_learning_brief_june2019_final.pdf|Preventing Gender Based Violence]], and [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/ap_emb_learning_brief_june2019_final.pdf|Engaging Men and Boys]]

**{{:care_cefm_capacitystatement.pdf|Child Early and Forced Marriage: CARE’s Global Experience}}
  ** (2018)

Outlines CARE's approach and experience in preventing Child Early and Forced Marriage (CEFM), and contributing to reaching SDG target 5.3. The report describes CARE's approach, and practical examples of CARE and our partners' work in six areas: Social Norms; Accommodating Complexity in Girls’ Lives; Building Agency and Solidarity; Men and Boys as Change Agents; Bringing Insight to Advocacy; and Addressing CEFM in Emergencies and Humanitarian Crisis. CARE is committed to doing its part in ending CEFM, not only because of the negative effects an early marriage can have on a girl—maternal mortality and morbidity, psychological trauma, forced sex and physical abuse, and reduced earning potential—but also because girls deserve the full experience of personal development, reached potential, and rights fulfilled, according to their own terms.

**{{:care-social-norms-paper-web-final_july_2017.pdf|Applying Theory to Practice: CARE’s Journey Piloting Social Norms Measures for Gender Programming}}
  **

Beginning in 2014, a small team across CARE came together to develop and pilot new measures for social norms through an iterative learning process across three pilot sites in Sri Lanka and Ethiopia. This report shares experience and learning on translating social norms theory into practical measurement tools for development programming, featuring the use of CARE’s Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP), a new framework developed to measure if and how norms are changing; qualitative vignettes; and survey questions. For questions on the SNAP, contact Leigh.Stefanik@care.org.

  * Recorded presentation on the case study, plus a presentation on social norms programming design from the Tipping Point Project -
  * {{:innovations_in_social_norms_program_strategies_and_measurement-20170531_1305-1.mp4|Recorded presentation}}

**__{{:renew_2016_learning_paper.pdf|Redefining Norms to Empower Women: Experiences and Lessons Learned}}  __ **

This learning paper looks at social norms from the ReNEW Project in Sri Lanka, an intimate partner violence prevention project focused on challenging male aggression in the household. The project was designed to explore and pilot new measures for social norms underpinning GBV, by using a social norms theoretical approach. The paper describes our measurement approach, analysis and findings from applying innovation methods to measure social norms, including through the use of vignettes.

**[[http://www.care.org/sites/default/files/documents/Challenging-GBV-Worldwide-CARE_s-program-evidence.pdf|Challenging Gender-Based Violence Worldwide: CARE's Program Evidence]]**

Strategies, results and impacts of evaluations 2011-2013.

**{{:2016_issuebrief_gbv.pdf|GBV Issue Brief**}}
  ** (2016)

This 2-page issue brief gives an overview of the problem of GBV, CARE's GBV work, and U.S. advocacy ask.

**{{:care_gbv_and_household_relations_final_web.pdf|Piloting a Joint Learning Initiative across CARE: Focus on Gender-Based Violence and Household Relations}}
  **

In 2014, 7 COs and PPL teams around CARE participated in a joint learning exercise on a common theme, reflecting on their programming around what it takes to prevent GBV and promote more equitable household relations. This report describes and reflects on the cross-learning process itself as a case study for broader organizational learning, and synthesizes findings on the programmatic learning question. The report is also available in {{:ipo-ppl_gbv_synthesis_report_-_final_fr.pdf|French}}  and [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/gbv_joint_learning_arabic.pdf|Arabic]].

Recordings of WebEx presentations and slides in French and English are available [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/ipo-ppl+gbv+joint+learning+initiative+presentations|here]].

**[[http://www.care.org/work/womens-empowerment/violence-against-women/intergenerational-transmisssion-gender-based-violence|Intergenerational Transmission of Gender-Based Violence: Focus on Educational Settings]]
 ** (CARE, 2014)

This report consolidates research on the pathway of violence from childhood to adolescence to adulthood, and pulls together learning on existing programming strategies, including drawing from CARE's own work. See the {{:svri_intergen_poster-pdf.pdf|poster presentation}}  on this work that was presented at the 2015 Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) Forum.

//**“TO PROTECT HER HONOUR” Child Marriage in emergencies – the fatal confusion between protecting girls and sexual violence**  //

This CARE International report is the first in the Gender and Protection in Humanitarian Contexts: Critical Issues Series. It is designed for humanitarian workers, policy-makers and donors to: (1) highlight promising practices and/or gaps in programming; and (2) critically analyse work in the field of gender and protection in humanitarian contexts. The paper examines the issue of child marriage in the Syrian context, and what we can learn from our experiences there. For the **full report**  please click [[http://insights.careinternational.org.uk/media/k2/attachments/CARE_Child-marriage-in-emergencies_2015.pdf|here]], for the Technical blog with a video please click [[http://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/humanitarian-emergencies/it-s-time-to-focus-on-child-marriage-in-emergencies|here]] and for a human interest story about programming in Turkey addressing child marriage and the impact it has had on the community please click [[http://www.careinternational.org.uk/stories/care-information-volunteers-help-tackle-child-marriage|here]].

**USG child marriage policy brief**: Girls Not Brides USA, of which CARE is a co-chair, produced a {{:gnb_flyer_final.pdf|policy brief }}  to offer guidance to members of the US government on developing a whole–of–government approach to ending child, early and forced marriage. This brief is designed to be a readable leave-behind for meetings, and to be shared via social media and other outreach.

__**16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence**__

  * **[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/16_day_tips_for_gbv_data_collection_and_analysis.docx|16 Days of 16 Tips for ethical collection, analysis & use of data on GBV]]**
  * To commemorate the 16 Days of Activism against GBV, CARE launched a campaign giving expression to 16 stories on different forms of violence against women and girls worldwide. Read the stories here: [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/16_days_of_activism_against_gender_violence_16_stories_final-1.rtf|16 Stories]]
  * CI in Geneva put together a report summarizing eight Country Offices’ activities and best practices for 16 Days. The report aims to understand the challenges and achievements in addressing GBV at the CARE Country Office level. [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/best_practices_16_days_2010.pdf|Best Practices 16 Days 2010]]

__**Global Mapping of CARE's GBV Projects **  (September, 2010)__

This mapping provides an overview of CARE's GBV work worldwide, focusing on the strategies projects are using to address GBV. An Annex provides brief synopses for 71 out of 77 total GBV projects. The full version of the mapping report is intended for internal audiences only. To obtain a copy of the report, please write to Leigh Stefanik (Leigh.Stefanik@care.org). You can see a [[http://www.igwg.org/Events/16DaysofActivism2010BrownBag1.aspx|presentation on the findings ]]here.

**__Balkans__  **

  * [[http://www.youngmeninitiative.net/en/|YMI website]]: The YMI program promotes gender-reflective activities for young men, to help reduce their risk sexual and violent behaviors
  * {{:ymi_core_model_documentation_final.pdf|Core model documentation - Young Men Initiative (YMI)}}: Outlines the core elements of an innovative model, Young Men Initiative, that CARE is seeking to scale, including critical features and key questions that practitioners seeking to replicate or scale this model must consider
  * [[http://vimeo.com/49747548|Documentary on Young Men Initiative (YMI)]]: This 10 minute film is exploring issues related to gender norms and adolescent boys in the countries of Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Exploring how the break-up of Yugoslavia saw the reemergence of patriarchal values, this documentary highlights the lives of 3 young men who are working to challenge there social norms around what it means to be a man in the Balkans. This film has English subtitles.
  * Program Y (2016) - {{:ymi_program_y-manual_eng_care_balkans.pdf|Group education manual}}
   * {{:kosovo_casestudy_2016_eng-web.pdf|Kosovo case study}}: a summary of CARE and the Peer Educators' Network (PEN)'s achievements in Kosovo, since 2012 (2016)
  * {{:social_media_case_study.pdf|Social Media and Change}}: case study from 2015
  * IMAGES Studies in Croatia and Bosnia: {{:understanding-young-men-masculinities-balkans-implications-health-development-peace.pdf|Understanding Young Men and Masculinities in the Balkans: Implications for Health, Development and Peace}}: CARE with Promundo (2012)
  * {{:exploring-dimensions-of-masculinity-and-violence.pdf|Exploring Dimensions of Masculinity and Violence}}: CARE with ICRW (2007)

**__Bangladesh__  **

  * {{:sdvc_women_barrier_analysis_fgd_tool.pdf|SDVC women's barrier tree activity for focus groups}}. The Strengthening Dairy Value Chain (SVDC) project and the COVAW project developed this tool to get at issues of domestic violence without asking about directly about it, and instead discussing "barriers".
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/executive_summary_of_covaw_cost_analysis_study.doc|Executive Summary of COVAW cost analysis study]]. This study examines the cost of domestic violence against women to Bangladesh society. This study was completed by the Cost of Violence Against Women (COVAW) project. Other resources include:
      * [[http://www.carebangladesh.org/publication/Publication_5496987.pdf|Summary of learning and impact from COVAW]]
      * [[http://www.carebangladesh.org/publication/Publication_5421518.pdf|Domestic Violence Against Women - Cost to the Nation (full report)]]
      * [[http://www.care.org/sites/default/files/documents/2013%20COVAW%20Case%20Study.pdf|Bangladesh: Understanding the Cost of Gender-Based Violence and the Importance of Engaging Men and Boys]]. Two-page summary case study (2013)
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/report_on_protirodh_draft_04_tked.pdf|Evaluation Report on PROTIRODH (Draft)]]: (September, 2010). This 4-year project concluded in September, 2010, and focused on reducing violence against women, especially female sex workers. Strategies used by the project include addressing community norms (e.g., solidarity groups, VAW forums), service delivery to GBV survivors, empowerment (income-generation activities), and advocacy.

**__Benin__  **

  * Case study: {{:care_empower_benin_case_study_final_web.pdf|Fostering Alliances for Action Against Gender Based Violence in Benin}}  (June 2013) is a 6-page case study that showcases CARE's work on GBV advocacy in Benin under the EMPOWER project.

**__Great Lakes__  **

  * {{:the_power_model_summary_180613.pdf|POWER Model summary}}  (2018): CARE's model for GBV prevention and response in the Great Lakes.
  * A Life Free From Violence: {{:lffv_great_lakes_region_value_proposition_-_june_2018.pdf|An evidence-based value proposition}}  for CARE's gender-based violence programming in the Great Lakes region (2018). Outlines CARE's POWER model for preventing and responding to GBV in the Great Lakes region, based on CARE’s programming experiences in Uganda, DRC, Rwanda and Burundi over the past 10 years.
  * {{:glai_brief.pdf|Great Lakes Advocacy Initiative Brief}}: Outlines the major findings of the Great Lakes Advocacy Initiative in Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda and the DRC from 2009 to 2013. GLAI aimed to contribute to the increased protection of women and girls against GBV in the Great Lakes region.
  * Guidelines for grassroots advocacy: The Great Lakes Advocacy Initiative (GLAI) is a regional advocacy initiative by CARE Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda to support, network, and build capacity of local activists against GBV. As a part of this initiative, each country office created an advocacy guide for grassroots activists. The guides are similar, but tailored to the specific country context and laws. [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/advocacy_guide_for_grassroots_activists_for_gbv_burundi.pdf|Advocacy guide for Burundi]], [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/advocacy_guide_for_grassroots_activists_for_gbv_rwanda.pdf|Advocacy guide for Rwanda]], [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/advocacy_guide_for_grassroots_activists_for_gbv_uganda.pdf|Advocacy guide for Uganda]]

**__Myanmar__  **

  * {{:care_myanmar_vrw_gbv_model_brief_final.pdf|Multi-Stakeholder Model}}: The multi-stakeholder approach from the Yaung Ni Oo (New Dawn) project in Kayah State.
  * __[[:living_on_the_edge|Living_on_the_edge]]__: A glimpse into sex workers lives in Myanmar - the pathways into sex work and the experiences that sex workers face. Contains a set of recommendations from sex workers themselves as well as from the researchers.
**__Rwanda__  **

  * {{:lffv_model_documentation_care_rwanda.pdf|Developing a Life Free From Violence: Modelling Programme Approaches, Lessons Learned, Successes and Challenges}}: outlines CARE Rwanda's model for promoting a Life Free From Violence, and its evolution from earlier projects from 2005 onwards. Includes detailed description of the four core components of the model - Couple's Curriculum, Community Activists, Women's Spaces, and Opinion Leaders - as well as advice for taking the model to scale.
  * [[http://www.whatworks.co.za/about/global-programme/global-programme-projects/evaluations-and-research/item/54-indashyikirwa-agents-of-change-for-gbv-prevention|Indashyikirwa]]: a community-level GBV prevention programme in Rwanda, implemented by CARE in partnership with the Rwandan Men's Resource Centre (RWAMREC) and Rwanda Women's Network (RWN). Indashyikirwa ("agents for change" in Kinyarwanda) combines a [[http://www.care.org.rw/our-work/programs/vulnerable-women/vw-projects/item/download/348_1aa265b85c4366bc288c693e34693c04|couples training programme]] (based on [[http://www.care.org/our-work/womens-empowerment/what-about-men-boys/technical-resources-engaging-men-and-boys/journeys|Journeys of Transformation]]), training of community activists (adapting the [[http://raisingvoices.org/sasa/|SASA+ approach]]), establishing women's safe spaces, and training for local opinion leaders. The final versions of the 4 project training manuals are [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/a4c_training_module.zip|here]]. The project is being evaluated by the What Works consortium, with papers and presentations produced: an [[http://whatworks.co.za/resources/presentations/item/389-indashyikirwa-a-community-based-intimate-partner-violence-prevention-programme|Overview]] of the Indashyikirwa project (2018); {{:jiv752156_rev2.pdf|Shifting perceptions of consequences of IPV}}  (2018); {{:ruark_stern_et_al._2017.pdf|Conceptions of love}}  & their relationship to HIV & IPV (2017); {{:socsci-06-00063_process_review_article_erin-ritha.pdf|Process review}}  of the couples' curriculum (2017); [[http://strive.lshtm.ac.uk/resources/research-inform-adaptation-ipv-case-study-rwanda|Research to inform adaptation]] (2017); {{:stern_and_mirembe_2017.pdf|Intersectionalities of marital status and risk}}  & protective factors (2017); and {{:stern_heise_and_mclean._2017.pdf|Male household decision-making}}  and economic authority (2017). Further details can be found in CARE UK blogs on the project's [[https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/preventing-violence-against-women-in-rwanda-what-s-in-a-metaphor|use of metaphors]], [[https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/adapting-to-evidence-preventing-intimate-partner-violence-ipv-in-rwanda|adapting evidence-based approaches]], and [[https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/working-with-couples-to-address-intimate-partner-violence-lessons-from-rwanda|working with couples]], and What Works blogs on [[http://strive.lshtm.ac.uk/resources/research-inform-adaptation-ipv-case-study-rwanda|Safe Spaces]], [[https://whatworksglobal.wordpress.com/2015/12/31/hundreds-march-for-hope-on-the-launch-of-new-violence-prevention-programme-in-rwanda/|Marching for Hope]] and the [[https://whatworksglobal.wordpress.com/2018/04/24/the-indashyikirwa-footprint-personal-reflections-from-working-with-an-intimate-partner-violence-programme-in-rwanda/|personal reflections]] of a staff member of the Rwanda Women's Network. There is also a project video, on [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0L9-yyvdxbg&feature=youtu.be|YouTube]].

**__South Africa__  **

  * {{:south_africa_ig_report.pdf|Audit of USAID/Southern Africa's Gender-Related HIV/AIDS Activities}}. Recognizing that gender norms and inequalities drive the HIV/AIDS epidemic, USAID implemented activities in South Africa focusing on gender strategies to reduce women's greater vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, including women's legal protection, addressing male norms, and reducing violence against women. This report evaluates five activities that focus on these gender strategies, including social mobilization (Project Concern), **savings and loan (CARE**), promoting positive male norms (Johns Hopkins University), and improving access to treatment and justice for survivors of sexual violence (WJEI).

**__Sri Lanka__  **

  * {{:a_guidance_note_on_gta_and_cs_care_sl_2.pdf|A Guidance Note on Gender Transformative and Conflict Sensitive Practice. }}  In 2011, CARE Sri Lanka invited various partners together to help in the development of a 5 year Strategic Plan for CARE. In that document, CARE with our partners committed to help "two million marginalized women and youth fully realize their rights and contribute towards their nation's economic, political and social transformation." To achieve this goal in an environment where Sri Lanka was emerging from a 30 year long war and in a country where gender inequality and power balances were in need of change, it was felt that we would need to strengthen our staff's and partner's understanding of Gender Transformative and Conflict Sensitive practices. Therefore, for greater clarity, and for our programming to make lasting and effective changes in the lives of women and youth this guidance note was developed.
  * {{:broadening_gender-why_masculinities_matter-final.pdf|Broadening Gender: Why Masculinities Matter}}. Attitudes, practices and gender-base violence in four districts in Sri Lanka (April, 2013). This report was developed in collaboration with Partners for Prevention (an interagency initiative of UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and UN Volunteers in Asia and the Pacific) to understand the knowledge, practices and social attitudes towards gender and gender based violence. The survey provides baseline indicators for care programs, as well as a wealth of information on gendered attitudes norms, and practices of women and men that can be applied to enhance GBV prevention, health, youth and empowerment interventions. There are also several fact sheets from this rich data set: {{:summary_of_findings.pdf|Summary of findings}}, {{:childhood_experiences_and_impact_on_mens_use_of_violence.pdf|Childhood experiences and impact on men's use of violence}}, {{:womens_attitudes_and_health_impact_of_gbv.pdf|Impact of violence on women's health and attitudes towards gender}}, {{:working_with_youth_to_reduce_violence.pdf|Working with youth to reduce violence}}, {{:private_sector_engagement_to_reduce_gbv.pdf|private sector engagement to reduce GBV}}, {{:unpacking_mens_health.pdf|Unpacking men's health}}.
  * Building on the findings of this study, five thematic policy briefs were developed by working groups, comprising members from the state, health, and NGO sectors and academics: {{:policy_brief_-_child_protection_including_childhood_experiences_and_the....pdf|Child protection}}  – including childhood experiences and their impact on violence perpetration; {{:policy_brief_-_exploring_womens_attitudes_and_the_impact_of_gender_base....pdf|Exploring women’s attitudes}}  and the impact of GBV on their mental and physical health; {{:policy_brief_-_preventing_sexual_and_gender_based_violence_policy_and_pr....pdf|Private sector engagement}}  and the role they can play in GBV reduction; {{:policy_brief_-_working_with_youth_to_prevent_violence_against_women_and_....pdf|Youth engagement}}  for reduction of SGBV; and {{:policy_brief_-_addressing_mens_health_as_a_means_of_primary_prevention_....pdf|Addressing men’s health}}  as a means of primary prevention of GBV (see also {{:summary_brochure_of_stakeholder_consultations_english.pdf|this summary}}  of these stakeholder consultations).
  * Final evaluation of the {{:emerge_final_evaluation_-_final_final_to_share.pdf|EMERGE}}  (Empowering Men to Engage and Redefine Gender Equality) project (2015). The impact of EMERGE’s work with couples is well illustrated in a series of short videos, from [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czGyhU_0cbU|Batticaloa]], [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCg39Smn6pw&t=13s|Nuwara Eliya]], & [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCWkr3CwnBw|Polonnaruwa]] Districts.
  * {{:washingtongbvprogramming_march2013final.pdf|Presentation on CARE Sri Lanka's GBV programming lessons}}: Ashika Gunasena, Director, Program Quality and Learning, of CARE Sri Lanka, presents on “Lessons from Sri Lanka: Ten Years of Promoting Positive Behaviors, Attitudes, Norms and Policies for Preventing GBV.”
  * Case study: “[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/a_slap_does_not_hurt_that_much.doc|A Slap does not hurt that much]]". Created by the members of a Men's Village Action Group in Sri Lanka, this case study explores some of the real-life challenges, doubts, and frustrations that men face in adopting the non-violent and gender equitable lifestyles that they discuss in the groups. Also available in [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/une_gifle_ne_fait_pas_mal_que_bien.doc|French]] and [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/una_bofetada_no_duele_tanto.doc|Spanish]].
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/case_study_10_-_whh.doc|Case Study - Kamala]]. Developed by the members of a Women's Village Level Action Group, this case study explores the experience of a woman head of household, her challenges, and participation in CARE's group.
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/case_study_booklet.pdf|Case study booklet]]. This beautifully illustrated booklet contains 3 case studies highlighting many of the issues and problems facing women in Sri Lanka and challenges to achieving gender equality.

**__Zambia__  **

  * The Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Zambia ({{:zambia_covaw_ii_-_summary_rpt_june_2017.pdf|summary report}}, and {{:zambia_covaw_ii_-_full_rpt_june_2017.pdf|full report}}  June 2017). A more complete study, tracking the social-economic costs of domestic violence (covering intangible mental and physical health costs, time cost, and direct monetary costs) on four main levels of society: individual, family, community and the State, within 23 districts in Zambia
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/care_zambia_-_cost_of_gbv_pilot_study_report_final_2014.pdf|The Socio-Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Zambia]] (April 2014). A pilot study on the socio-economic costs of GBV, in Lusaka, carried out by the Zambia Association for Research and Development (ZARD)
  * Case study: {{:care_asaza_osc_case_study_final_web.pdf|One-Stop Model of Support for Survivors of Gender-Based Violence: Lessons from CARE Zambia }}  (June 2013). This 9 page case study features CARE's work on the ASAZA (A Safer Zambia) project in Zambia to highlight the lessons of a one-stop model for GBV response.
  * __[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/zambia_gbv_programming_evaluation_aug-2010.pdf|Zambia GBV Programming Evaluation__]]__ (August 2010). Summative evaluation of CARE Zambia's GBV projects: USAID-funded "A Safer Zambia" (ASAZA) focused on GBV prevention, care, and support for survivors through one-stop coordinated response centers (CRCs); and a CDC-funded program to provide one-stop services for sexually-abused children and temporary shelter and medical services for vulnerable children.
**__{{:cso_influencing_on_gbv_brief.pdf|Civil Society Organisations' Policy Advocacy on GBV in South East Asia}}  __ **

This 2 page brief summarises findings from research on civil society organisations' experience in GBV policy influencing in Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao, Thailand and Myanmar.

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==== External docs on GBV programming ====

**Learning session on the role of men and boys in GBV programming**

In August 2012, CARE attended a learning event on the role of men and boys in GBV programming, hosted by the InterAction GBV Working Group in Washington, DC. We enjoyed presentations by Raising Voices on their [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/l_michau_interaction_aug2012.pdf|prevention programs and lessons learned working with men]]; Women’s Refugee Commission with an [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/engaging_men_and_boys_to_end_gbv.pdf|overview of current approaches to engaging men in prevention]]; and IRC on [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/caring_for_child_survivors_initiative.pdf|caring for boy survivors of sexual violence]]. Click the links to access the presentations.

**[[http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2012RH_SGBV_OSCRevEval.pdf|A Review and Evaluation of Multi-sectoral Response Services ("one-stop centers") for GBV in Kenya and Zambia]]**- Population Council, 2012. Features 2 case studies to assess the effectiveness of different OSC models in terms of health and legal outcomes for survivors, and the cost-effectiveness of these models; and second, to identify lessons learned in OSC implementation with recommendations for both start-up and scale-up.

**[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/2010rh_comprespgbv.pdf|Comprehensive Responses to GBV in Low-Resource Settings**]]**- Population Council, June 2010. From 2006-2009, the Population Council undertook a program of technical assistance and research to strengthen the evidence base on gender-based violence (SGBV) programming in sub-Saharan Africa. This document reviews the findings, lessons learned, and promising practices in the provision of comprehensive SGBV services in sub-Saharan Africa. These findings are intended to serve as a resource for programmers and policymakers throughout the region, and contribute to the emerging evidence-base on such program strategies.

**[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/who_preventing_intimate_partner_sv_against_women.pdf|Report: Preventing Intimate Partner & Sexual Violence against Women**]]**- World Health Organization, 2010. This document aims to provide sufficient information for policy-makers and planners to develop data-driven and evidence-based programs for preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women. At present, only one strategy has evidence supporting its effectiveness – and this only relates to intimate partner violence. The strategy in question is the use of school-based programs to prevent violence within dating relationships. Evidence, however, is emerging of the effectiveness of a number of other strategies for preventing intimate partner and sexual violence, including microfinance programs for women combined with gender-equality education; efforts to reduce access to and harmful use of alcohol; and changing social and cultural gender norms.

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/synchronizing-gender-strategies.pdf|Synchronizing Gender Strategies: A Cooperative Model for Improving Reproductive Health and Transforming Gender Relations]] (Oct 2010). This concept paper, written for the Interagency Gender Working Group, takes gender transformation to the next step, to what has been communally termed “gender synchronization.” Gender synchronization means working with men and women, boys and girls, in an intentional and mutually reinforcing way that challenges gender norms, catalyzes the achievement of gender equality, and improves health. This concept paper provides examples of synchronized approaches that have worked first with women and girls, or first with men and boys, and describes interventions that have worked with both sexes from the start. It also provides examples of new and emerging programs that should be watched in the coming years for the knowledge they may contribute to the implementation of gender synchronization.

IRC - [[http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Protection/GBV/Documents/Caring%20for%20Child%20Survivors%20in%20Humanitarian%20Settings%20-%20LIT%20REVIEW%20Aug%202011.pdf|A Review of Promising Practices to Improve Case Management, Psychosocial & Mental Health Interventions, and Clinical Care for Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse]]

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===== GBV Programming Tools, Trainings & Guidelines =====

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==== CARE Tools ====

CARE has developed **[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/Guidance+for+Gender-Based+Violence+Monitoring+and+Mitigation+within+Non-GBV+Focused+Programming|Guidance for Gender-Based Violence Monitoring and Mitigation within Non-GBV Focused Programming**]]**

This document aims to address the increasing demand for clear **guidance on how to**  **practically and ethically monitor and**  **mitigate gender-based violence**  **(GBV)**  within non-emergency, international development programming, in which GBV is not a specific programmatic component. Specifically, it draws on existing GBV-related guidance, as well as input from a group of experts, to provide recommendations for preventing and/or responding to unintentional risk, threat, or violence against individuals related to programmatic interventions. These recommendations describe ways to take stock of the programmatic environment with regard to GBV in general, as well as targeted suggestions on how to track GBV-related incidents and issues throughout the program cycle.

CARE developed these **toolkits **to help build staff capacity in issues of gender and sexuality:

  * __[[http://www.careacademy.org/health/isofi/welcome.html?s_src=170760770000|Inner Spaces, Outer Faces Initiative (ISOFI)]]__
The //Inner Spaces, Outer Faces Initiative//  (ISOFI) toolkit is designed for use by staff of international development and health organizations, and is made up of participatory group activities to help program staff to identify, explore, and challenge their own understanding of gender and sexuality in their lives, the lives of project participants and within the organizations in which they work. The toolkit is available online in [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/isofi_toolkit.pdf?s_src=170760770000|English]]and [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/ISOFI_French.pdf?s_src=170760770000|French]].

  * [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/social_analysis_manual.pdf?s_src=170760770000|Social Analysis and Action (SAA)]]

This manual describes the experience of CARE staff and partners in using an approach called **//Social Analysis and Action//**  to identify and address the social, economic and cultural factors that influence reproductive health. The manual is available online in [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/social_analysis_manual.pdf?s_src=170760770000|English]], [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/SAA_french.pdf?s_src=170760770000|French ]]and [[http://www.care.org/careswork/whatwedo/health/downloads/SAA_spanish.pdf?s_src=170760770000|Spanish]].

  * [[http://www.carebangladesh.org/publication/Publication_9894677.pdf|Cost of Violence against Women (COVAW) Toolkit - Understanding the Monetary Cost of Domestic Violence]]

This guide, developed by CARE Bangladesh, provides a detailed description of cost analysis tools and ways in which these tools can be used for behavior change communication, advocacy, and claiming compensation for domestic violence.

{{:sdvc_women_barrier_analysis_fgd_tool.pdf|SDVC women's barrier tree activity for focus groups}}. The Strengthening Dairy Value Chain (SVDC) project and the COVAW project developed this tool to get at issues of domestic violence without asking about directly about it, and instead discussing "barriers".

**CARE International in Vietnam's GBV Dialogue Tool**  is a behavior change tool used to create discussion and deepen thinking over time around the topics of gender and violence (one exercise/month over 6 months) to be used within existing groups that meet regularly. The tool was designed for our civil society partners who were in the initial stages of discussing violence in communities and/or in small groups (e.g. community development and women’s economic empowerment projects with ethnic minority groups, life-skills training for garment factory workers, PLHIV groups who found violence to be an underlying issue surfacing in their care & support services). In the piloting of the tool with remote ethnic minority women, the test participants found it instrumental to their understanding of the linkages between gender and violence. Attached are both the tool for literate and illiterate participants. The exercises are also easily adaptable to the group you are targeting.

  * {{:final-eng_gbv_tool_illiterate.pdf|Tool for illiterate participants}}
   * {{:final-eng_gbv_tool_literate.pdf|Tool for literate participants}}
   * {{:final_care_gbv_tool_final_report-20131108.pdf|Report highlighting the process, limitations, and potential gaps of the tools}}

====   ====

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==== External Tools ====

2015 [[http://gbvguidelines.org/|IASC Guidelines for Integrating GBV Interventions into Humanitarian Action]] Guidelines for humanitarian actors and communities to plan, establish, and coordinate a set of minimum multisectoral interventions to prevent and response to sexual violence during the early phase of an emergency. English, Arabic, Spanish, French.

[[https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/gender-and-humanitarian-action/content/iasc-gender-handbook-humanitarian-action-2017|IASC Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action: Different Needs, Equal Opportunities]]. This 2017 update to the Handbook sets forth standards for the integration of gender issues from the outset of a new complex emergency or disaster, so that humanitarian services provided neither exacerbate nor inadvertently put people at risk; reach their target audience; and have maximum positive impact. Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian.

**//[[http://www.iasc-elearning.org/|Different Needs - Equal Opportunities: Increasing Effectiveness of Humanitarian Action for Women, Girls, Boys and Men// **]]//** . Published in 2010, this course provides the basic steps a humanitarian worker must take to ensure gender equality in programming. The course includes information on the core issues of gender and how it relates to other aspects of humanitarian response. The three-hour, self-paced course provides information and scenarios which will enable you to practice developing gender-sensitive programming. This training is based on the //Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Gender Handbook.//

[[http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/tools_and_guidance/gender_based_violence/GPC_GBV_Caring_Survivors_Training_PAck_2010_EN.pdf|Caring for Survivors of Sexual Violence in Emergencies Training Pack]]. //Gender-Based Violence Area of Responsibility (GBV AoR) Working Group, 2010. //This training package provides information, tools and skill development on how to sensitively work with sexual violence survivors in conflict-affected countries or complex emergencies. It also focuses on medical treatment. This training resource is recommended by and agreed upon by global colleagues to be used as the primary gender-based violence (GBV) training resource. These materials may be of use for health care providers, women's groups, legal professionals, police, and other community members engaged in improving support for survivors. The package includes a training guide, modules on psychosocial and medical, and powerpoints. English, French, Arabic and Spanish versions available.

**[[https://extranet.unfpa.org/Apps/GBVinEmergencies/index.html|E-Learning Course to Develop Field Capacity for GBV Program Management in Emergencies]]**. A free online course, produced by UNFPA and World Education, Inc, seeks to develop the capacity of those working to address GBV in humanitarian contexts. Its goal is to improve the knowledge of programme managers to better address the issue of gender-based violence in humanitarian emergencies. The course uses problems that practitioners currently face and case scenarios from real-life humanitarian contexts. Integrated throughout the course are the cross-cutting issues of culture, human rights, children and youth and working with men. The course is designed in four modules:

  * § Module 1: Definitions of GBV and how it manifests in emergencies.
  * § Module 2: Framework that supports effective programme design for GBV in emergencies.
  * § Module 3: GBV Prevention Programming
  * § Module 4: GBV Survivor-Centred Response Programming

[[http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2015/12/essential-services-package-for-women-and-girls-subject-to-violence|Essential Service Standards for Women and Girls Subject to Violence ]]- (UN, 2015). This United Nations Joint Global Programme identifies the essential services to be provided by the health, social services, police and justice sectors as well as guidelines for the coordination of Essential Services and the governance of coordination processes and mechanisms. Service delivery guidelines for the core elements of each essential service have been identified to ensure the delivery of high quality services, particularly for low and middle income countries for women and girls experiencing violence.

[[https://aidsfree.usaid.gov/resources/prc-tech-considerations|Clinical Management of Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence]]
 - PEPFAR (February 2013). These technical considerations serve as a guide for medical providers to address and respond to the unique needs and rights of children and adolescents who have experienced sexual violence and exploitation.

[[http://gbvaor.net/resource/|Collection of tools and resources on GBV in emergencies]]
 - UN GBV Area of Responsibility (AoR). The GBV AoR recommends a set of essential guidelines and tools, including a ”[[http://gbvaor.net/resource-topics/core-toolbox|Core Toolbox]]“, for all GBV practitioners in humanitarian settings.

[[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/5006aa262.html|UNHCR, Working with Men and Boy Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Forced Displacement]]. The guide aims to raise awareness of this important protection gap and provide tips on how to make SGBV programs accessible and inclusive of men and boy survivors. It is available in English, French, Arabic.

**[[http://raisingvoices.org/sasa/index.php|SASA! Toolkit for Prevention Violence against Women and HIV]]**. The //SASA!//  approach, developed by Raising Voices, has interesting tools to explore power dynamics between men and women, and demonstrates how understanding power and its effects can help us prevent violence against women and HIV infection. The approach focuses on community mobilization to change community norms. You can download the [[http://raisingvoices.org/sasa/kit_download.php|Activist Toolkit here]].

[[http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/igwg-gender|IGWG Gender and Health eToolkit]]. This is an electronic collection of expert-vetted resources that provide practical “how-to” methodologies and tools on gender that are designed to move health practitioners and managers from awareness and commitment to direct application and practice in policy and program design, implementation, research, capacity building and monitoring and evaluation. The IGWG Gender and Health eToolkit is designed as a companion site to the IGWG website ([[http://www.igwg.org/|www.igwg.org]]) which has become a premier site for gender and reproductive health information, publications, and networking. It provides access to hundreds of tools, to other gender toolkits and databases, and to prominent gender and health websites throughout the world.

[[http://www.who.int/hac/network/interagency/news/mental_health_guidelines/en/|IASC Guidelines for Mental Health & Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings]]. Guidelines to enable humanitarian actors to plan, establish and coordinate a set of minimum multi-sectoral responses to protect and improve people’s mental health and psychosocial well-being in the midst of an emergency. Available in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, and Japanese.

===== GBV Data Collection & Research: Tools & Ethical Guidelines =====

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*Access more information on [[http://pqdl.care.org/gendertoolkit/Pages/ethics.aspx|Ethics ]]page of the Gender Toolkit.

==== Do No Harm/Ethical Guidelines for Programming and Research ====

[[:do_no_harm_guidelines_for_gbv|Annotated Bibliography of Do No Harm Guidelines]]

{{:who_researching_vaw_guide.pdf|Researching Violence against Women: A Practical Guide for Researchers and Activists}}

[[http://www.who.int/gender/documents/violence/9789241595681/en/index.html|WHO Ethical & Safety Recommendations for Researching, Documenting and Monitoring Sexual Violence in Emergencies]]

==== GBV Data Gathering Tools ====

__Gender Based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS):__  The GBVIMS was developed by IRC, UNHCR, and UNFPA to help humanitarian actors safely collect, store and analyze GBV incident data, and to help standardize the collection of GBV data across organizations, which were using different terminology, classification, and counting procedures. For more information, visit the website at

[[http://www.gbvims.com/|http://www.gbvims.com/]]

[[http://www.svri.org/|Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI)]]- The SVRI aims to promote research on sexual violence and generate empirical data. The site features information on events, new publications, and capacity building tools for researching sexual violence.

[[http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/pht/womenshealth/en/index.html|WHO Technical Guidelines for Women's Health in Crises website]]
 - features tools, guidelines, trainings for researching and programming GBV and women's health in emergencies

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===== Monitoring & Evaluation Resources =====

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[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/bridge_gender_indicators_overview_report.pdf|BRIDGE Gender & Indicators Overview Report]]. This Overview Report examines conceptual and methodological approaches to gender and measurements of change with a focus on indicators, examining current debates and good practice from the grassroots to the international levels.

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/capturing_change_in_womens_realities_a_critical_overview_of_current_monitoring.pdf|Capturing Change in Women's Realities: A Critical Overview of Current Monitoring]]. In this document, the authors examine assumptions about M&E in the context of women’s rights, gender equality, and women’s empowerment work, where M&E approaches create particular kinds of challenges.

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/care_experience_adapting_the_most_significant_change_technique.pdf|CARE: Experience Adapting the Most Significant Change Technique]]. This brief examines CARE's experience adapting the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique in a sexual, reproductive and maternal health program in Eastern Africa.

[[http://www.c-changeprogram.org/content/gender-scales-compendium/about.html|Compendium of Gender Scales]].This compendium offers a number of different scales related to gender.

DFID [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/how_to_note_guidance_on_me_for_programming_on_vawg.pdf|How to Note: Guidance on M&E for Programming on VAWG]].This guidance from DFID gives an overview of the different approaches and methods within the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) toolbox and assesses their strengths and weaknesses in relation to programming on Violence against Women and Girls.

MEASURE Evaluation: [[http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/training/materials/gbv|M&E of GBV Prevention and Mitigation Programs]]. This module is designed and intended to be used as a one and a-half day training session on monitoring and evaluating gender-based violence prevention and mitigation programs.

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/me_of_gbv_programming_a_facilitators_guide.pdf|M&E of GBV Programming: A Facilitator's Guide.pdf]]. This module is designed and intended to be used as a one and a-half day training session on monitoring and evaluating gender-based violence prevention and mitigation programs.

[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/vaw_compendium_of_indicators.pdf|VAW Compendium of Indicators]]. This guide was developed for managers, organizations, and policy makers working in the field of VAW program implementation and evaluation in developing countries. Indicators can also be used by programs that may not specifically focus on VAW but include reducing levels of VAW as part of their aims.

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===== Reports & Academic Articles on GBV =====

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[[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/evolving_men_initial_results_from_the_international_men_and_gender_equality_survey_images.pdf|Evolving Men: Initial Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES)]]. The International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) is a multi-country household survey of men’s attitudes and behaviors related to gender equality, as well as women’s reports of men’s practices. The survey was carried out from 2009 to 2010 in Brazil, Chile, Croatia, India, Mexico, and Rwanda. Topics include GBV, health, household division of labor, men's participation in child caregiving, men's and women's attitudes about gender-related policies, transactional sex, men's criminal behavior, and quality of life.

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====== Other Resources ======

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  * Oxfam [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/women_and_men_hand_in_hand_against_violence_strategies_and_approaches_to_working_with_men_and_boys_for_ending_violence_against_women.pdf|Women and Men: Hand in Hand against Violence: Strategies and Approaches to Working with Men and Boys for Ending Violence against Women]]: This training resource was developed for use in Arab countries in order to teach the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to promote gender equality and to prevent VAW through the effective engagement of men.
  * STRIVE [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/what_works_to_prevent_partner_violence.pdf|What Works to Prevent Partner Violence]]: This document reviews the empirical evidence of what works in low- and middle-income countries to prevent violence against women by their husbands and other male partners.
  * UNFPA [[http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2007/endingvaw.pdf|Ending Violence Against Women: Programming for Prevention, Protection and Care]]: This boolket provides practical points to consider for designing and implementing programs. The collection of "good practices" is drawn from 10 UNFPA case studies in five regions. A useful resource with clear messages and useful examples.
  * [[http://www.endvawnow.org/|UNIFEM Virtual Knowledge Centre to End Violence against Women & Girls]]: The recently launched UNIFEM virtual knowledge center is a one-stop online centre that encourages and supports evidence-based programming to more efficiently and effectively design, implement, monitor and evaluate initiatives to prevent and respond to violence against women and girls.
  * [[http://webapps01.un.org/vawdatabase/home.action|The UN Secretary-General's database on Violence Against Women]]: Coordinated database on the extent, nature and consequences of all forms of violence against women, and on the impact and effectiveness of policies and programmes for, including best practices in, combating such violence. Each country page provides a comprehensive and easily printable list of available information on measures undertaken by the selected country.
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/whrd_materials_resources.pdf|Reference tool for women human rights defenders]]: Lists research materials dealing with the security and protection of defenders, resources that women activists can consult concerning their wellbeing and self-care, manuals dealing with how to document and monitor violations of women's rights, as well as manuals on the rights and mechanisms available to women human rights defenders at risk.
  * [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/1341_1_hpi_gender_resources_sept_2010_final_acc.pdf|Gender and Health Policy: Tools and Resources]]: This brief gives a list of publications on gender integration, gender-based violence, men’s engagement and women’s empowerment.
  * [[http://www.k4health.org/k4h|Knowledge for Health]] (K4Health): This project seeks to increase the use and dissemination of evidence-based, accurate and up-to-date information to improve health service delivery and health outcomes worldwide. The K4Health platform facilitates how this information is captured, synthesized, adapted, shared, and used.
  * [[http://xchange.futureswithoutviolence.org/|Communications X-Change]]: Developed by Futures Without Violence, this is an online library of communication materials on preventing and ending violence against women and children.

**Costs of Violence Against Women**

  * CARE International (2018) - Counting the Cost: the Price Society Pays for Violence Against Women ([[https://www.care-international.org/files/files/Counting_the_costofViolence.pdf|full report]])
  * CARE Zambia (2017) - The Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Zambia ({{:zambia_covaw_ii_-_summary_rpt_june_2017.pdf|summary report}}, and {{:zambia_covaw_ii_-_full_rpt_june_2017.pdf|full report}}  )
  * CARE Cambodia (2017) - [[https://www.care.org.au/preventing-sexual-harassment/|’I know I cannot quit.’ The Prevalence and Productivity Cost of Sexual Harassment to the Cambodian Garment Industry]]
  * CARE Sri Lanka (2015) - {{:sri_lanka_2015-cost-of-violence-corrected-version-3.pdf|Cost of Intimate Partner Violence in Sri Lanka}}
   * GIZ et al (2015) - Violence against women and its financial consequences for businesses in Bolivia ([[https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/ComVoMujer_Executive_Summary_ViolenceagainstwomenanditsfinancialconsequencesforbusinessesinBolivia_BO_2015.pdf|summary in English]], [[http://info.comvomujer.org.pe/catalogocomvo/productoscatalogos_3_2015/ComVoMujer_Estudiodecostos_completo_BO_2015.pdf|full report in Spanish]])
  * CARE Zambia (2014) - [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/care_zambia_-_cost_of_gbv_pilot_study_report_final_2014.pdf|The Socio-Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Zambia]]
  * GIZ et al (2013) - [[http://www.mujereslibresdeviolencia.usmp.edu.pe/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/CostosEmpresarialesEmpresasPeru.pdf|Los costos empresariales de la violencia contra las mujeres en el Perú]] (The business costs of violence against women in Peru)
  * World Bank (2013) - [[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16696|Estimating the Association Between Women's Earnings and Partner Violence : Evidence from the 2008-2009 Tanzania National Panel Survey]]
  * CARE USA (2013) - [[http://www.care.org/sites/default/files/documents/2013%20COVAW%20Case%20Study.pdf|Bangladesh: Understanding the Cost of Gender-Based Violence and the Importance of Engaging Men and Boys]]
  * UN Women (2012) - [[http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2013/2/costing-study-viet-nam%20pdf.pdf?vs=1456|Estimating the cost of domestic violence against women in Viet Nam]]
  * CARE Bangladesh (2012) - [[http://www.carebangladesh.org/publication/Publication_9894677.pdf|Cost of Violence against Women (COVAW) Toolkit - Understanding the Monetary Cost of Domestic Violence]]
  * World Bank (2005) - [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/morrisonorlandogenderbasedviolence.pdf|The costs and impacts of GBV in developing countries: Methodological considerations and new evidence]]
  * ICRW (2007) - [[http://www.icrw.org/publications/estimating-costs-and-impacts-intimate-partner-violence-developing-countries|Estimating the costs of intimate partner violence in developing countries: A methodological resource guide]]
  * ICRW (2004) - [[http://www.icrw.org/publications/costs-intimate-partner-violence-household-and-community-levels|Costs of Intimate Partner Violence at the Household and Community Levels: An Operational Framework for Developing Countries]]
  * WHO, 2004 - [[http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591609.pdf|The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence]]
  * Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women - [[http://gender.careinternationalwikis.org/_media/domestic_violence-calculating_the_cost-toolkit-mcbw.pdf|Toolkit: Calculating the Cost of Domestic Violence]]
  * USAID, (2010) - [[http://africahealth2010.fhi360.org/PDF/GBV.pdf|Gender-based Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Demographic and Health Findings]]

- this paper reviews the DHS data on GBV and cost and how it has been used in national planning in Africa.

  * Pakistan case study (2012) - {{:vaw-focus_on_cost_of_violence-pakistan.pdf|The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence against Women: A Case Study of Karachi}}  (Social Policy and Development Centre) - analyzes nature and intensity of cost of VAW to individuals and societies. Inclues a nice overview of theories on what causes VAW.
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